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Lexapro is the brand name for escitalopram, a prescription antidepressant that belongs to the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class of medications. It is widely used to treat major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in adults and, in some cases, adolescents. Lexapro works by helping restore the balance of serotonin, a neurotransmitter involved in mood regulation, emotional stability, and anxiety control.

How Lexapro Works

Lexapro increases the availability of serotonin in the brain by blocking its reuptake into nerve cells. This allows more serotonin to remain active in the synaptic space, which can improve communication between neurons that regulate mood and emotional responses.

Because serotonin-related pathways adjust gradually, therapeutic benefits often take 2 to 6 weeks to become noticeable, although some individuals may feel improvements earlier.

Uses and Indications

Lexapro is commonly prescribed for:

1. Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

  • Helps reduce persistent sadness, hopelessness, lack of energy, and loss of interest.

  • Improves overall mood, concentration, sleep patterns, and quality of life.

2. Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

  • Reduces excessive worry, restlessness, and physical symptoms of anxiety.

  • Helps stabilize emotional responses and improve daily functioning.

Doctors may also use Lexapro off-label for conditions like panic disorder or social anxiety, but this varies by provider and patient needs.

How It Is Taken

  • Usually taken once daily, with or without food.

  • Available in tablet and oral solution forms.

  • Common daily doses range from 10 mg to 20 mg, depending on the patient’s condition and response.

It’s important not to adjust dosage without medical guidance.

Potential Side Effects

Most side effects are mild and tend to lessen with continued use. Common ones include:

  • Nausea

  • Headache

  • Dry mouth

  • Drowsiness or trouble sleeping

  • Increased sweating

  • Changes in appetite

  • Sexual side effects (reduced libido or difficulty with arousal)

Less common but more serious side effects can include serotonin syndrome, worsening depression, or unusual behavior changes—these require immediate medical attention.

Precautions and Safety

Before using Lexapro, patients should inform their healthcare provider if they have:

  • Bipolar disorder or a family history of it

  • Seizure disorders

  • Liver disease

  • Glaucoma

  • Bleeding disorders or are taking blood thinners

  • Pregnancy or breastfeeding considerations

  • A history of medication sensitivities

Lexapro should not be taken with MAO inhibitors or certain other medications due to the risk of serious interactions.

Discontinuation and Withdrawal

Stopping Lexapro abruptly may lead to symptoms such as dizziness, irritability, nausea, and sensory disturbances. Doctors typically recommend gradual tapering when discontinuing the medication.

Overall

Lexapro is considered a safe, effective, and well-tolerated treatment for depression and anxiety. Many patients experience significant improvement in mood, reduced anxiety levels, and better overall functioning with consistent use and proper medical supervision.